Search Results

Chandra X-ray Observatory stands as humanity's eye into the unseen realms. Launched by NASA in 1999, Chandra has been an unrivaled pioneer, deciphering the universe's secrets encoded in X-ray frequencies. In this comprehensive exploration, we embark on a captivating journey, unveiling the multifaceted story of Chandra – its functions, motives, structure, historic milestones, and the mesmerizing discoveries that have reshaped our understanding of the cosmos. Chandra X-Ray Observatory Unraveling the Cosmic Tapestry: Chandra X-ray Observatory's Saga In the grand cosmic theater, where the universe dons its most enigmatic costumes, the Chandra X-ray Observatory stands as humanity's eye into the unseen realms. Launched by NASA in 1999, Chandra has been an unrivaled pioneer, deciphering the universe's secrets encoded in X-ray frequencies. In this comprehensive exploration, we embark on a captivating journey, unveiling the multifaceted story of Chandra – its functions, motives, structure, historic milestones, and the mesmerizing discoveries that have reshaped our understanding of the cosmos. X-ray Vision: Chandra's Functions and Motive Unveiling Cosmic Hotspots Chandra's primary function is to observe high-energy X-rays emanating from celestial objects. By capturing these elusive rays, it unveils the hottest, most dynamic regions of the universe, revealing details invisible to other telescopes. Decoding Stellar Life Cycles From supernova remnants to pulsars and black holes, Chandra plays a crucial role in decoding the life cycles of stellar objects. It's a cosmic detective, providing insights into the birth, evolution, and demise of stars. Probing Galactic Nuclei Chandra's gaze extends to the hearts of galaxies, where supermassive black holes reside. By studying the radiation emitted from these active galactic nuclei, scientists gain essential clues about the cosmic processes at play. Charting the Cosmic Web Chandra contributes to mapping the large-scale structure of the universe, uncovering the vast cosmic web formed by the distribution of hot gas between galaxies. Engineering Marvel: The Structure of Chandra X-ray Observatory Mirrors of Precision Chandra's mirrors are coated with a thin layer of iridium, a choice that enhances reflectivity in the X-ray range. Nested mirrors, rather than traditional lenses, focus the incoming X-rays onto detectors with exceptional precision. Space-Resilient Design Crafted to endure the rigors of space, Chandra orbits Earth in an elliptical trajectory, minimizing interference from the planet's radiation belts. This resilient design ensures the telescope's longevity and sustained scientific contributions. Chronicles of Chandra: A Historic Journey Launch into the Unknown Chandra embarked on its cosmic odyssey aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia on July 23, 1999. Named after the astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, the telescope began its mission to unravel the mysteries of the X-ray universe. Milestones and Legacy Throughout its journey, Chandra has left an indelible mark on astrophysics. From confirming the existence of dark energy to identifying numerous neutron stars, its discoveries have rewritten the cosmic narrative. Conclusion: Chandra's Ongoing Odyssey As we reflect on the cosmic voyage of the Chandra X-ray Observatory, we recognize its indispensable role in reshaping our cosmic comprehension. The observatory continues to unravel the X-ray mysteries, painting a vivid portrait of the universe's hidden intricacies. "X-ray Pioneers" pays homage to the brilliance of Chandra – a beacon illuminating the celestial darkness, guiding us into the depths of the cosmos where new revelations await discovery. Other Articles...... Dark Energy Multiness of Thoughts The Dream Mission Zombie Planets Creation of Mind Loop STAR VFTS102 KEPLER-186f Proxima Centauri b TRAPPIST-1 Osiris-REx Mission

Religious Point of view on the theories of Space Science Fields. Religious Point of View

Inflationary cosmology is a theoretical framework in physical cosmology that proposes a rapid exponential expansion of space in the early universe. It was first proposed by physicist Alan Guth in 1980 to address several puzzles in the standard Big Bang cosmology, such as the horizon problem, the flatness problem, and the origin of structure in the universe. Inflationary Cosmology Theory Concept...... Inflationary cosmology is a theoretical framework in physical cosmology that proposes a rapid exponential expansion of space in the early universe. It was first proposed by physicist Alan Guth in 1980 to address several puzzles in the standard Big Bang cosmology, such as the horizon problem, the flatness problem, and the origin of structure in the universe. The key idea behind inflation is that the universe underwent a brief period of extremely rapid expansion, driven by a hypothetical scalar field called the inflaton. During this inflationary epoch, the universe expanded exponentially, stretching quantum fluctuations to macroscopic scales and smoothing out the curvature and density of space. This expansion also effectively "ironed out" any irregularities in the early universe, explaining the uniformity of the cosmic microwave background radiation observed today. Inflationary cosmology has been supported by a variety of observational data, including measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation by satellites like the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and the Planck satellite. These measurements have provided strong evidence for the predictions of inflation, such as the nearly scale-invariant spectrum of primordial density fluctuations. Despite its success in addressing many cosmological puzzles, inflationary cosmology is still a subject of active research and debate. There are various models of inflation, each with its own predictions and implications for the universe's early history. Additionally, there are ongoing efforts to test inflationary predictions through observations of the cosmic microwave background, gravitational waves, and large-scale structure in the universe. Some challenges and open questions remain within the framework of inflationary cosmology, including the initial conditions problem (i.e., explaining how inflation started and why the inflaton field had the necessary properties), the reheating mechanism (i.e., how the energy stored in the inflaton field was converted into ordinary matter and radiation), and the so-called "multiverse" implications (i.e., the idea that inflation can lead to the creation of multiple universes with different properties). Overall, inflationary cosmology has had a profound impact on our understanding of the early universe and continues to shape theoretical research in cosmology and particle physics. Chat Section If you have any question ask me here.... Other Articles...... Theories Dark Energy Multiness of Thoughts The Dream Mission Creation of Mind Loop Today Onward Theory Parallel World Travel We are our GOD STAR VFTS102 KEPLER-452b Proxima Centauri b TRAPPIST-1

How Jainism and Space Science perspectives are matching to each other, The connection between Jainism & Cosmos Jainism and Science In this section we talk about some same points between jainism and science. Similarity You might be wondering what Jainism has to do with science? So now I am going to tell you about such science which was said in Jainism thousands of years ago. You know that science has proved the soul and has told that there is a soul, but this thing is already written in Jainism, let me give you a real life example - "Once a girl was admitted in the hospital. And that girl had come to that hospital for the first time, then that girl woke up in the morning and told what all the things were on the roof of this hospital and how the roof was and explained it completely, the surprising thing is that the roof of that hospital It has been tied for many years and no one needs to know it, then how did that girl know all this? Because the soul of that girl had gone to that rooftop at night. "You might not know that our soul can also travel. This has also been proved by science, and all these things have already been written in Jainism. If you don't believe this then I can show you proof of many other such things. Jain people do not say anything after sunset at night, and you might be finding it unique that why is this so, science also says that one should not eat anything after sunset in the evening, there is a scientific reason for it as well which I will tell you about. Let me explain from the above, you must have seen the sunflower which opens as soon as the sun rises and closes again as soon as the sun sets, our stomach also works in the same way, that is why it is said in Jainism that One should eat after sunrise and not eat after sunset, and this has been proved by science today. And there is one thing which is scientifically proven that we should drink only hot water every day, hot means boiled water, there are many benefits of drinking it and science also accepts this. In our religion it is said to fast after every 15 days and our Lord also used to fast for a long time, a scientist conducted an experiment where some people were made to fast after 15 days and it The result was that the people who fasted were much healthier than the common people and there was a lot of change in their digestive system. Are all these things not enough to say that thousands of years ago, advanced people used to live and those people were none other than our Jains and we should be proud of that. Chat Section...... Other Articles.... Dark Energy Multiness of Thoughts The Dream Mission Creation of Mind Loop Parallel World Travel Age of our Universe Zombie Planets

What is Today Onward Theory?, This is a theory that will shock you, I will explain this theory today but only if you can relate to it then you will be able to understand it, I have given my strong point of view in this. Today Onward Theory What is Today Onward Theory?, This is a theory that will shock you, I will explain this theory today but only if you can relate to it then you will be able to understand it, I have given my strong point of view in this. Over View.... What is Today Onward Theory?, This is a theory that will shock you, I will explain this theory today but only if you can relate to it then you will be able to understand it, I have given my strong point of view in this. What is science?, Have we made much progress in science?, How will science be in the future?, Can we become a Type 2 civilization?, you will get the answers to these questions later, but let me say one thing that if today's From the point of view, science has not done anything, according to scientists, if we want to become a Type 2 civilization, then we still have a lot of research left to do, now you will say that we have discovered so much in space science, how much more?, let me tell you. We are not going to become great by going to space or going to the moon 2-3 times, because we do not even know how to take people out of the solar system, we have not even reached Mars, nor have we established our colony on any planet. If it has been made, then how can we say that science has progressed a lot. One step towards the future Now if you say, what do we have to do so that we can progress?, and where is science today? You will get answers, all your questions will be answered, if you have any question after reading this theory then you can tell me in the chat box below, I will answer all your questions. So what is my point of view, I will tell you, if we have shared something before, then where are we now?, right now we have definitely made a lot of progress in science but that progress is not enough, if we want to become a Type 2 civilization then there is still a lot of work to be done. The journey is still left, all the space we have traveled in comes within the solar system only, we have only taken people to the moon, and for the last many years we have not even been able to send humans again, if you look at science. It has made considerable progress in the last 100 years, but is it enough? No, if we want to reach Alpha Centauri, the system we have today, it will take thousands and millions of years, and we will never be able to reach the nearest galaxy. Then how can we say that we can become a Type 2 civilization? Now I will explain my point of view to you by listening to a story, "Once everyone was present in the king's court, then the king said to a minister that I am very happy with your work and want to give you a gift, tell me what do you want, minister. He was as intelligent as all of you, he said, King, I don't need much, just one square of Chokha in the first square of a chess board and its double in the next one, give me as many Chokha's dens as will be made in the last square, King. The king ordered to give him whatever he wanted, then a servant came and said that the king has asked for so many grains that there are not so many of them in our entire kingdom, then the king was very impressed by him, you will think how many grains would have been there which the king would have given. If I couldn't give it, then I have counted it for you all, and it comes to more than 2305843007575253120, and this is so much that its count has not been discovered till date, and this is exactly how our space science is progressing. , How progress is doubling every day, NASA has been established for only about 70 years and how many discoveries have been made in these 70 years, ISRO was also established 60 years ago and how far it has progressed, in the coming 10- Science would have advanced a lot in 20 years, just take the example of A.I. Most of the people would not even know about A.I before 2020 and it has increased in just three years. In this way our science is progressing and will continue to do so. Chat Section....

Exoplanets that are discovered by the Kepler Telescope Kepler's Exoplanets

Latest Astronomical & Astrophysics discoveries by Hubble Space Telescope Space Discoveries This is your About Page. It's a great opportunity to give a full background on who you are, what you do and what your website has to offer. Double click on the text box to start editing your content and make sure to add all the relevant details you want to share with site visitors. Nasa's Time Line Hubble's Discoveries Presenter please note: Much of the discussion in these slides, and most of the public’s attention, is focused on Hubble’s enormous repertoire of images. View More Hubble's Deep Field The Hubble Space Telescope has made over 1.5 million observations since its launch in 1990, capturing stunning subjects such as the Eagle Nebula and producing data that has been featured in almost 18,000 scientific articles. But no image has revolutionized the way we understand the universe as much as the Hubble Deep Field . View More Hubble's Nebulae Hubble telescope discovered some nebulae here is an image and detail of the nebulae and other information about it. View More Hubble's Star Clusters Billions of trillions of stars illuminate the galaxies of our universe. Each brilliant ball of hydrogen and helium is born within a cloud of gas and dust called a nebula. Deep within these clouds, knots can form, pulling in gas and dust until they become massive enough to collapse under their own gravitational attraction. View More Hubble's Galaxies Our Sun is just one of a vast number of stars within a galaxy called the Milky Way, which in turn is only one of the billions of galaxies in our universe. These massive cosmic neighborhoods, made up of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity, come in a variety of sizes, from dwarf galaxies containing as few as 100 million stars to giant galaxies of more than a trillion stars. View More Hubble's Galaxy Discovery Our Sun is just one of a vast number of stars within a galaxy called the Milky Way, which in turn is only one of the billions of galaxies in our universe. These massive cosmic View More Hubble's Nebula Discovery The space between stars is dotted with twisting towers studded with stars, unblinking eyes, ethereal ribbons, and floating bubbles. These fantastical shapes, some of the universe’s most visually stunning constructions, are nebulae, clouds of gas and dust that can be the birthplace of stars, the scene of their demise ― and sometimes both. View More Hubble's Planetary Discoveries Hubble, however, has made some unique contributions to the planet hunt. Astronomers used Hubble to make the first measurements of the atmospheric composition of extrasolar planets. Hubble observations have identified atmospheres that contain sodium, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor. View More Kepler's Exoplanets NASA's Kepler spacecraft was launched to search for Earth-like planets orbiting other stars. It discovered more than 2,600 of these "exoplanets"—including many that are promising places for life to exist. View More Space discovery of year 2021 Top 9 Discoveries of year 2021, visit page by clicking view more button. View More

The Dream Mission My greatest experience of dream Mars mission. Overview People must have had many dreams and those dreams would be very unique, but my dream is very unique. Today I will share with you this dream journey full of very interesting and adventures. In this dream of mine, I have done the complete mission of Mars and there are many twists in that too, which I will tell you further in this article. The article is The Dream Mission Dream Mars Mission It was night time, I was tossing and turning on the bed trying to sleep, I was not able to sleep because of fever, I went to 9, I fell asleep with great difficulty, but at 2:30 suddenly I woke up because I Weird dreams of mars were coming, sometimes take off, sometimes horrible dreams of crash on mars, and one side had fever, sleep was gone, I was having dreams even while awake, I mean call it a dream or what it was, I don't know. No, but that picture was running in my mind, just such strange things were visible in front of my eyes, I was trying to sleep, but I was not able to sleep. I felt as if all this was happening in reality, dreams come during sleep but I was having dreams even with my eyes open, this experience was the most unique and a little difficult in my life. I cannot describe that moment clearly, but in a few moments, all those things were coming before my eyes, sometimes the scenes of my plane crashing and getting lost in space were coming to the fore, along with me there were other scenes of mine. There were astronauts who came with me in this mission, there was also a scene in which our return vehicle from Mars breaks down and we are fixing it, there was also a scene in which I am in space and I hear the voices of my companions. I heard that people are calling my name, I am not reacting, there is darkness in front of my eyes, my eyes are half open and closed, it seems as if I am going to faint in some time, even my space suit will not take me much longer. I won't be able to save myself, I am just wandering in this lonely and quiet space. The next moment my crew is in front of me. This experience was very exciting and memorable, I am sitting in our space craft, we probably Have forgotten the direction, coordinates are in my ears and only computer screens are visible in front of me, there are many difficulties coming in this journey and we are struggling with them, I was not able to see this scene clearly but in some time it It was appearing in front of my eyes, I am out of control, I am not able to move, what to do, the path is not swelling, the bass is moving round and round and I don't know in any direction, I am not in control, there is chaos all around, NASA is helping us, we are trying to control it somehow, some noises are coming all around and it seems as if we are about to crash, some society is not coming, there are all the screens in the evening which have all the information. And controls too, and only then we lose everything and crash, when we open our eyes, everything is scattered, some have holes in their suits, some are badly hurt, all these things are happening while the eyes are in it. Then it opens, now it was around 4 o'clock, these strange dreams were happening again and again, on top of that, I was running fever, my condition was bad, sometimes I used to sit and sometimes I tried to sleep, the dreams were not allowing me to sleep, and so on. While all this is happening, I catch my eye, yes a lot more happened in between but I will tell you about it later, when I woke up, it was already morning, there was a different freshness in this morning but I was completely tired, quite a unique experience which It happened that the government spends crores of rupees to reach Mars but I enjoyed the journey to Mars by eating only 2-3 sweets. This whole article is based on a real dream experience. Its second part will also come soon. Other Articles...... Dark Energy Multiness of Thoughts Zombie Planets Creation of Mind Loop STAR VFTS102 KEPLER-186f Proxima Centauri b TRAPPIST-1

Kepler-186f is an Earth-sized exoplanet located 500 light-years away in the constellation Cygnus. It orbits a red dwarf star, Kepler-186, within its habitable zone, where conditions might allow liquid water to exist. This discovery sparked interest in the search for potentially habitable exoplanets and raised questions about the possibility of extraterrestrial life beyond our solar system. However, limited data about its atmosphere and surface make it challenging to assess its true habitability. KEPLER-186f Kepler-186f is an Earth-sized exoplanet located 500 light-years away in the constellation Cygnus. It orbits a red dwarf star, Kepler-186, within its habitable zone, where conditions might allow liquid water to exist. This discovery sparked interest in the search for potentially habitable exoplanets and raised questions about the possibility of extraterrestrial life beyond our solar system. However, limited data about its atmosphere and surface make it challenging to assess its true habitability. 1. Characteristics of Kepler-186f: Size: Kepler-186f is considered an Earth-sized exoplanet, with an estimated radius about 1.1 times that of Earth. This makes it one of the few exoplanets discovered at the time that was close in size to our own planet. Parent Star: Kepler-186f orbits a red dwarf star known as Kepler-186, which is cooler and smaller than our Sun. Kepler-186 is classified as an M-dwarf star. Orbit: Kepler-186f is in a relatively tight orbit around its host star, completing one orbit approximately every 130 Earth days. It receives about a third of the energy from its star compared to Earth's energy from the Sun. Habitable Zone: One of the most intriguing aspects of Kepler-186f is its location within the habitable zone (Goldilocks zone) of its star. The habitable zone is the region around a star where conditions might be suitable for liquid water to exist on the planet's surface, which is a key factor for the potential development of life as we know it. 2. Atmosphere of Kepler-186f: Information about the specific composition and characteristics of Kepler-186f's atmosphere is not currently known. Detecting and analyzing the atmospheres of exoplanets, especially those as distant as Kepler-186f, is a challenging task that often requires advanced telescopes and instruments. Detailed studies of an exoplanet's atmosphere can provide important insights into its potential habitability. 3. Potential for Extraterrestrial Life: Kepler-186f's location within the habitable zone of its star makes it an intriguing candidate for the potential existence of extraterrestrial life. The habitable zone represents the region where conditions might be right for liquid water to exist on the planet's surface, which is a crucial ingredient for life as we know it. However, the presence of liquid water alone does not guarantee the existence of life. Other factors, such as the composition of the planet's atmosphere, the presence of essential nutrients, geological activity, and the stability of the climate, also play vital roles in determining habitability. Detecting signs of life on Kepler-186f or any exoplanet is extremely challenging and would likely require advanced telescopes capable of analyzing the planet's atmosphere for biomarkers (e.g., oxygen, methane) or other potential signs of biological activity. Kepler-186f and Earth have some similarities, such as their Earth-sized classification and the fact that Kepler-186f is located within the habitable zone of its star. However, they also have several key differences. Here's a comparison between Kepler-186f and Earth: 1. Size and Mass: Earth: Earth is approximately 12,742 kilometers (7,918 miles) in diameter and has a mass of about 5.972 × 10^24 kilograms. Kepler-186f: Kepler-186f is considered an Earth-sized exoplanet, with an estimated radius about 1.1 times that of Earth. Its exact mass is not precisely known but is believed to be greater than Earth. 2. Parent Star and Orbit: Earth: Earth orbits the Sun, a G-type main-sequence star (G2V), at an average distance of about 149.6 million kilometers (93 million miles). It completes one orbit around the Sun in approximately 365.25 days. Kepler-186f: Kepler-186f orbits a red dwarf star known as Kepler-186, which is cooler and smaller than our Sun. Its orbit around Kepler-186 takes approximately 130 Earth days. 3. Habitable Zone: Earth: Earth is located within the habitable zone of the Sun, where conditions for liquid water are ideal for the existence of life. Kepler-186f: Kepler-186f is also located within the habitable zone of its star, Kepler-186. This means that, theoretically, it could have conditions suitable for liquid water to exist on its surface. 4. Atmosphere: Earth: Earth has a diverse and life-sustaining atmosphere composed primarily of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%), with trace amounts of other gases. The atmosphere plays a critical role in regulating temperature and supporting life. Kepler-186f: The specific composition and characteristics of Kepler-186f's atmosphere are not currently known. Detailed studies are needed to determine the presence and properties of its atmosphere. 5. Surface Conditions: Earth: Earth has a variety of surface conditions, including continents, oceans, and various climate zones. It supports a wide range of life forms and ecosystems. Kepler-186f: The specific surface conditions of Kepler-186f, such as the presence of oceans, continents, or any geological activity, are not known due to limited observational data. 6. Potential for Extraterrestrial Life: Earth: Earth is known to host a diverse array of life, from microorganisms to complex multicellular organisms, including humans. Kepler-186f: While it is located within the habitable zone and is considered an interesting candidate for further study, the presence of extraterrestrial life on Kepler-186f is purely speculative at this point. It is one of the exoplanets that has garnered attention for its potential habitability. Other Articles...... Dark Energy Multiness of Thoughts The Dream Mission Creation of Mind Loop STAR VFTS102 KEPLER-452b Proxima Centauri b TRAPPIST-1

Hypothetical Theories of Space Science domain with explanation of those theories. Theories Scientific explanation of any topic Time Is Not Constant only one thing is constant and it is a change. okay for some reason i thought time is constant so when something is come from nothing so nothing is consist nothing not time also. so yes the question is when vacume is consist nothing so time is not constant. but here is a Einstein's Relativity theory is proved wrong as per this perspactive but no everything is right in it's limits. Origin Of Earth Origin of our universe is from big bang effect. and origin of our galaxy is to collab of two galaxies, but origin of our earth is ? , origin of our earth is from sun because age of our galaxy is roughly 13.6 billion years and age of our sun is 4.6 billion years and age of our earth is 4.5 billion years, so the origin of our earth is from sun as per my perspective. exploit on suns surface core is a origin of all planets and asteroids, exploit of sun and other rock is origin of our moon. so this is my basic phenomena. The BIg-Bang Theory The early theory of origin of origin of universe is The Big Bang Theory. which consist a nebular exploidation of two nebulas. this theory is a strongest theory of the origin of universe. when big bang cause dark mater and all galaxies are origin. all things of our universe is cause in this time. scientist strongly work on this theory. Georges Lemaitre || 1894 - 1966 General Relativity Theory The theory of relativity is a scientific theory proposed by Albert Einstein in 1905 and 1915 that fundamentally changed our understanding of space, time, and gravity. It has two main parts: Special relativity: which deals with objects moving at constant speeds, and shows that time is relative to the observer and that objects appear differently depending on the observer's position and motion. General relativity: which deals with the force of gravity and shows that it is not a force at all, but rather the curvature of spacetime caused by the presence of mass and energy. Albert Einstein || 1905 Heat Death Of The Universe The heat death of the universe theory proposes that, over an immense span of time, the universe will gradually reach a state of maximum entropy and energy equilibrium. As the universe expands, the average energy density decreases, leading to a cooling effect. Eventually, all usable energy will be uniformly distributed and no longer available for work or sustaining life. This scenario predicts the loss of structure, complexity, and organization as energy dissipates, resulting in a cold, sparse, and lifeless universe. Lord Kelvin || 1850 Multiness Of Thoughts What we are experiencing right now, whether we have a dream or a thought represents our future, it means that what we think will happen to us, so always keep positive thinking. You may have seen the movie Interstellar where a man controls the fourth diamentio from the future and how our present is connected to our past, this basic concept is what I call the concept of Multiness of Thoughts. this concept is also connected with quantum theories, because this theory also say that all thigs which we see is create with our thoughts and after we see it's die immediately. Quantum Theory Quantum theory, also known as quantum mechanics, is a foundational theory in physics that describes the behavior of particles at the smallest scales. It introduces the concept of quantized energy levels, probabilistic behavior, and the wave-particle duality. Quantum theory revolutionized our understanding of the microscopic world, providing a mathematical framework to calculate probabilities and predict particle interactions. Its applications range from explaining the behavior of atoms and molecules to enabling technologies like quantum computing and quantum cryptography. Quantum theory has fundamentally transformed our understanding of the nature of reality and continues to shape our exploration of the fundamental workings of the universe. Niels Bohr & Max Planck || 1900 Hubble's Law Hubble's Law, named after the astronomer Edwin Hubble, states that galaxies are moving away from us, and the farther they are, the faster they are receding. This law is based on the observation that the light from distant galaxies is shifted towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum, known as redshift. Hubble's Law provides evidence for the expansion of the universe and serves as a cornerstone of modern cosmology. By studying the redshift of galaxies, scientists can determine their distance and calculate the rate of cosmic expansion. Hubble's Law has contributed significantly to our understanding of the origin, evolution, and large-scale structure of the universe. Edwin Hubble's || 1929 Cosmic Inflation Cosmic inflation theory proposes that the universe underwent an extremely rapid expansion, known as cosmic inflation, in the earliest moments of its existence. This theory suggests that, shortly after the Big Bang, a tiny patch of space expanded exponentially, causing the universe to rapidly expand and flatten out. Cosmic inflation helps explain several observations, such as the uniformity of the cosmic microwave background radiation and the overall large-scale structure of the universe. It also provides a possible solution to the horizon problem and the flatness problem in cosmology. While cosmic inflation remains a theoretical concept, it has gained widespread acceptance and is considered a crucial component of our current understanding of the early universe. Alan Guth || 1980 String Theory String theory is a theoretical framework in physics that aims to unify all the fundamental forces and particles of nature. It proposes that the fundamental building blocks of the universe are not point-like particles but tiny, vibrating strings of energy. These strings exist in higher-dimensional spacetime and their vibrations give rise to different particles with various properties. String theory offers a promising path towards reconciling general relativity and quantum mechanics, two foundational theories that currently appear incompatible. It also suggests the existence of additional dimensions beyond the familiar three spatial dimensions and one time dimension. String theory is still an area of active research and has sparked numerous developments in theoretical physics, including the concept of holography and new insights into quantum gravity and black hole physics. Gabriele Veneziano || 1969 Dark Matter Theory Dark matter theory proposes the existence of a type of matter that does not interact with light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation but exerts a gravitational influence on visible matter. It is called "dark" because it does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible and difficult to detect directly. Dark matter is inferred from its gravitational effects on galaxies and galaxy clusters, explaining the observed rotation curves of galaxies and the dynamics of galactic clusters. The exact nature of dark matter remains unknown, and its composition is a subject of ongoing research. The existence of dark matter is a crucial component in current cosmological models, accounting for a significant portion of the mass in the universe and shaping the large-scale structure we observe. Fritz Zwicky || 1933 Dark Energy Theory Dark energy theory is a concept in physics that attempts to explain the observed accelerated expansion of the universe. It suggests the existence of a mysterious form of energy that permeates all of space and drives this expansion. Dark energy is thought to possess negative pressure, counteracting the gravitational pull of matter and causing the universe to expand at an increasing rate. Its nature and origin remain elusive, with potential explanations ranging from a cosmological constant, as proposed by Einstein, to more exotic possibilities like quintessence or modifications of general relativity. Dark energy constitutes a significant fraction of the total energy density in the universe, but its precise properties and role in cosmic evolution continue to be active areas of scientific investigation. Adam Riess || 1998 Multiverse Theory Multiverse theory is a speculative concept in cosmology and theoretical physics that suggests the existence of multiple universes or parallel realities beyond our own observable universe. According to this theory, each universe within the multiverse could have its own unique physical laws, constants, and properties. The idea of a multiverse arises from attempts to explain various fundamental questions, such as the fine-tuning of physical constants and the origin of our universe. While there are different versions of multiverse theory, they generally propose that the vastness of possibilities extends beyond what we can observe, and that our universe is just one among countless others. The concept of a multiverse is still highly speculative and remains a topic of philosophical and scientific debate, with ongoing research exploring its potential implications and ways to test its validity. William James || 1895 Tagmark's Four Levels of Multiverse The concept of the multiverse is indeed a subject of ongoing scientific exploration and theoretical discussion. Some theories propose different levels or types of multiverse based on various hypotheses, such as: Level I Multiverse: This level of multiverse is based on the idea of an infinite or vastly large universe, where regions far beyond what we can observe contain regions similar to our observable universe. This concept arises from cosmic inflation theory. Level II Multiverse: This level of multiverse is related to the idea of bubble universes within an inflating space. According to eternal inflation theory, our universe could be just one of many "bubbles" embedded in a larger multiverse. Level III Multiverse: This level of multiverse stems from the concept of a "many-worlds interpretation" of quantum mechanics. It suggests that every quantum event spawns multiple parallel universes, resulting in a branching multiverse where every possible outcome of quantum events occurs in a different universe. Level IV Multiverse: This level of multiverse is often associated with the idea of mathematical or logical universes. It suggests that all conceivable mathematical structures or logical systems exist as separate universes. Max Tagmark Apple in a Box Spatial reasoning or problem-solving: In mathematics or logic puzzles, there are scenarios where you might have to imagine an apple placed inside a box and analyze its properties or movements within that confined space. Thought experiment: Philosophers and scientists often use thought experiments to explore concepts and theories. The "apple in a box" could represent a hypothetical situation used to illustrate a particular idea or phenomenon. Teaching tool: Teachers and educators might use the phrase "apple in a box" to simplify complex concepts for students, making it easier for them to understand and visualize abstract ideas. Perception and reality: The phrase might be used metaphorically to explore the difference between what we perceive (the apple in the box) and what objectively exists (the actual state of the apple). Simulation Theory Virtual Reality Hypothesis: Simulation theory proposes that our entire reality, including the universe and all its inhabitants, might be a computer-generated simulation created by an advanced civilization. Technological Mastery: The theory assumes that a highly developed society could create simulations indistinguishable from reality, complete with conscious beings who believe they are living genuine lives. Existential Questions: Simulation theory raises philosophical questions about the nature of consciousness, the meaning of existence, and the potential layers of reality, challenging conventional understandings of the universe. Speculative Nature: While captivating, simulation theory lacks empirical evidence and serves as a thought experiment that encourages us to ponder the nature of reality and our place within an intricate, simulated cosmos. Nick Bostrom | 2003 Special Relativity Theory Special relativity theory, proposed by Albert Einstein in 1905, is a fundamental theory in physics that revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and motion. It introduces two key principles: Constancy of the Speed of Light: The speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of their relative motion. This means that the speed of light is an absolute constant. Relativity of Space and Time: Space and time are not absolute but depend on the observer's motion. Time can appear to pass differently for moving objects, and lengths can appear shorter when an object moves at high speeds. Special relativity has been extensively tested and confirmed, and it forms the basis for modern physics, helping us understand phenomena at high speeds and near the speed of light. Albert Einstirn || 1905 Twin Paradox The twin paradox is a thought experiment arising from Einstein's theory of special relativity. It involves two identical twins: one stays on Earth, while the other travels into space at a high speed and then returns. Due to time dilation, the traveling twin ages less than the twin who remained on Earth. This seems paradoxical, but it's resolved by considering the effects of acceleration and relative motion on time and space. The twin paradox illustrates the counterintuitive nature of time dilation and the relativistic effects predicted by special relativity. It's been confirmed through experiments and is a fundamental example of how the theory challenges our everyday understanding of time and motion. Quantum Entanglement Quantum entanglement is a bizarre, counterintuitive phenomenon that explains how two subatomic particles can be intimately linked to each other even if separated by billions of light-years of space. Despite their vast separation, a change induced in one will affect the other. In 1964, physicist John Bell posited that such changes can be induced and occur instantaneously, even if the particles are very far apart. Bell's Theorem is regarded as an important idea in modern physics, but it conflicts with other well-established principles of physics. For example, Albert Einstein had shown years before Bell proposed his theorem that information cannot travel faster than the speed of light . Perplexed, Einstein famously described this entanglement phenomenon as "spooky action at a distance." Erwin Schrödinger || 1935 The Infinite Hotel Paradox The Infinite Hotel Paradox is a mind-bending thought experiment in mathematics and philosophy. Imagine a hotel with an infinite number of rooms, and every room is occupied by a guest. When a new guest arrives and wants a room, the manager can still accommodate them by simply asking each current guest to move to the room with a number one higher than their current room. This frees up room 1 for the new guest. What's truly astonishing is that this process can be repeated infinitely, accommodating an infinite number of new guests in a seemingly already full hotel. It challenges our intuitive understanding of finite and infinite quantities, showcasing the paradoxical nature of infinity in a captivating way. David Hilbert's Theory Of Creation The theory of creation, often rooted in religious or mythological beliefs, posits that the universe, Earth, and all living beings were intentionally brought into existence by a divine or supernatural force. Various cultures and religions have their own creation narratives, such as the Judeo-Christian account of God creating the world in seven days, or the Hindu belief in the cosmic dance of Lord Shiva as the source of creation. These theories often serve as explanations for the origins of the cosmos and life itself, offering a framework for understanding our existence and our place in the universe. While the theory of creation is deeply ingrained in cultural and spiritual traditions, it coexists alongside scientific theories of evolution and cosmology, sparking ongoing discussions and debates about the nature of our origins. Charles Darwin || 1859 Grandfather Paradox The grandfather paradox is a thought experiment in the realm of time travel and theoretical physics. It revolves around a hypothetical situation where a person travels back in time and encounters their own grandfather before their grandfather has children. The paradox arises when the time traveler interferes with the past in a way that prevents their own existence. For example, if the time traveler were to prevent their grandparents from meeting or somehow cause their grandfather's death before he could have children, it would create a logical inconsistency. If the time traveler was never born, how could they have traveled back in time in the first place to create the interference? The grandfather paradox raises questions about the nature of time, causality, and the possible consequences of time travel. It's often discussed in discussions about the feasibility and potential paradoxes associated with time travel, but it also highlights some of the challenging problems that arise when contemplating journeys through time. We are nothing.... What is vacuum?, How is vacuum formed?, We believe that there is no air at all in vacuum, meaning vacuum is an empty substance which is completely empty, do you understand this? Wrong, vacuum is not empty matter, vacuum is the space formed by the formation of matter and antimatter. I believe that in this universe of ours, there is an anti-avatar of all the things, like the white hole of the black hole, similarly the anti-matter of the matter. So what are we?, we are also a matter, so can we also have any anti form, absolutely possible, that is why it is called vacuum, and this is how our entire universe is formed, if we say If something came from nothing, then that means we are that nothing. In the end this entire space becomes zero, so can we call ourselves nothing? Chess Square Theory COMING SOON............. Visit Now Parallel World Travel We have heard a lot about time travel, it feels good to hear it but only in imagination and theories, we already know the rest of the reality, but today we have brought another theory in front of you which can happen in the past. There is a thesis based on the above but yes, you will definitely feel happy after reading it. Visit Now We are our GOD This perspective posits that while we are not divine beings, we do possess the capacity to control and manipulate our own destinies, akin to gods in our own right. Drawing parallels with the movie Interstellar, the notion of being the orchestrator of our lives is highlighted. The theory extends to addressing various enigmas such as the Egyptian pyramids and sightings of UFOs, attributing them to our relationship with space. It promises to unravel mysteries and provide answers, though it also emphasizes the importance of mindset in adopting such a worldview. Visit Now The Fermi Paradox The Fermi Paradox is the apparent contradiction between the high probability of extraterrestrial civilizations existing in the vast universe and the lack of any observable evidence or contact with such civilizations. Considering the sheer number of potentially habitable planets, the age of the universe, and the speed at which life emerged on Earth, it seems logical that other advanced civilizations should exist. However, there are various proposed solutions to this paradox, ranging from the possibility that life is rare, to the idea that advanced civilizations self-destruct, or that they communicate in ways we cannot yet detect. Despite extensive efforts, we have not found conclusive evidence of extraterrestrial life, leaving the Fermi Paradox as a major unresolved question in science. Inflationary Cosmology Inflationary cosmology, proposed by Alan Guth in 1980, suggests a rapid expansion of space in the early universe driven by an inflaton field, addressing puzzles in standard Big Bang cosmology. Supported by observations like cosmic microwave background radiation, inflation explains the universe's uniformity and predicts a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of density fluctuations. Challenges include the initial conditions problem and implications for a multiverse, but inflation remains a key area of cosmological research, shaping our understanding of the universe's early history. Visit Now Blackhole Information Paradox The Black Hole Information Paradox presents a fundamental challenge in reconciling quantum mechanics and general relativity within the context of black holes. It arises from the apparent loss of information beyond the event horizon, contradicting the principle of information conservation in quantum mechanics. Proposed solutions include Hawking radiation, the firewall paradox, holographic principles, and theories of quantum gravity such as string theory. Despite ongoing research, a definitive resolution to this paradox remains elusive, representing a crucial frontier in theoretical physics. Visit Now String Theory String theory proposes that fundamental particles aren't point-like but instead tiny, vibrating strings. It attempts to reconcile quantum mechanics and general relativity, aiming for a unified theory of physics. String theory posits extra dimensions beyond the usual three spatial dimensions and one time dimension, offering a framework for understanding the fundamental nature of reality. However, it remains a highly speculative and mathematically complex theory without experimental confirmation. Visit Now

String Theory Introduction: String theory represents a revolutionary paradigm shift in our understanding of the universe at its most fundamental level. It endeavors to reconcile the seemingly disparate realms of quantum mechanics and general relativity, offering a unified framework that could elucidate the nature of reality itself. This scientific theory proposes that the basic constituents of the universe are not point-like particles but rather minuscule, vibrating strings. Theory Foundation: At its core, string theory posits that these strings, through their vibrational patterns, give rise to the diverse array of particles and forces observed in the cosmos. By treating particles not as dimensionless points but rather as extended objects with finite size, string theory introduces a novel approach to understanding the fundamental building blocks of matter and energy. Interconnectedness: String theory establishes an intricate web of connections between seemingly disparate phenomena in the universe. The vibrational modes of these strings correspond to different particles and their properties, offering a unified explanation for the diverse spectrum of particles observed in nature. Moreover, string theory suggests the existence of additional spatial dimensions beyond the familiar three, providing a potential framework for understanding elusive phenomena such as dark matter and dark energy. Application at the Atomic Level: At the atomic level, string theory provides insights into the behavior of particles and the underlying forces governing their interactions. By elucidating the vibrational dynamics of strings, physicists aim to unravel the mysteries of particle physics and uncover new phenomena that lie beyond the reach of current experimental techniques. Additionally, string theory offers a fresh perspective on exotic phenomena such as black holes, offering new mathematical tools for understanding these cosmic enigmas. Conclusion: In summary, string theory represents a bold and ambitious attempt to construct a unified theory of physics, capable of describing all fundamental forces and particles within a single, coherent framework. While much work remains to be done to fully develop and validate the theory, its potential implications for our understanding of the universe are profound. String theory continues to inspire scientific inquiry and exploration, offering a tantalizing glimpse into the deepest mysteries of the cosmos. Chat Section If you have any question ask me here.... Other Articles...... Theories Dark Energy Multiness of Thoughts The Dream Mission Creation of Mind Loop STAR VFTS102 KEPLER-452b Proxima Centauri b TRAPPIST-1 Today Onward Theory Parallel World Travel We are our GOD Inflationary Cosmology Black Hole information paradox

Contact Us Click here to visit our blogging page Click here to join with SPACELIA space research program spacelia.space@gmail.com

Spacelia is a space research and exploration website, it's provides you a space knowledge and informative facts about space POSTS The Messier Objects Unlock the mysteries of the Messier Catalog! Our blog series unveils the fascinating deep-sky objects any astronomy enthusiast can observe. Start Now The Unique Galaxies Unveil the wonders of the cosmos! Our blog series dives into unique galaxies, exploring their shapes, formation, and the secrets they hold. Start Now MAP OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM VIEW MAP SPACE RESEARCH PROGRAM RESEARCH MISSIONS List of all the Space Mission. Read More Blogs READ OUR WRITINGS Încă nu există postări publicate în această limbă Rămâi pe recepție... Blogs Category CATEGORIES OF WHAT BLOGS ARE FROM EXOPLANET MISSION BINARY SYSTEM Articles Read More Read More Read More Read More PHOTO ALBUM GALLERY GALLERY Publication GALLERY NEWS Members Invite SPACELIA Alătură-te nouă pe mobil! Descarcă aplicația Spaces by Wix și alătură-te site-ului „SPACELIA” pentru a fi la curent mai ușor cu noutățile în orice moment. Trimite Țară +972 Număr de telefon Contact Us Subscribe Form Join Thanks for subscribing!

Publishing our latest research papers on space objects alongside discussions on the ethical implications of space exploration. Research Projects Space research and latest discoveries Star Formation This is your Project description. Whether your work is based on text, images, videos or a different medium, providing a brief summary will help visitors understand the context and background. Then use the media section to showcase your project. Nebula Observation This is your Project description. Whether your work is based on text, images, videos or a different medium, providing a brief summary will help visitors understand the context and background. Then use the media section to showcase your project. Solar Flare Detection This is your Project description. Whether your work is based on text, images, videos or a different medium, providing a brief summary will help visitors understand the context and background. Then use the media section to showcase your project. The Big Bang Effect The early theory of origin of origin of universe is The Big Bang Theory. which consist a nebular exploidation of two nebulas. this theory is a strongest theory of the origin of universe. when big bang cause dark mater and all galaxies are origin. all things of our universe is cause in this time. scientist strongly work on this theory. Existence of Alien civilization Our Milky Way galaxy is around 4 billion years old, but our universe is around 13 billion years old, so if we have high technology like space craft and rocket etc, so just imagine that how other galaxy's civilization is powerful and high-tech. so point is in whole universe there is many planets like earth is good for life and maybe life is exist in this planets, so if alien exist they have more power and technology, and maybe possible they planning to attack on earth. we must be alert and full-fill to fight with aliens. Antient Literature & Geography In Hinduism they called Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh is never born or die, let's except. They say that lord brahma created universe, let's except this also. My point is if lord brahma creates everything so which mater form is lord brahma, and if lord brahma creates atom or nano atom in nothing so where is lord brahma in nothing in which form of mater. Something came from nothing so where is lord and how it's possible. We are living in matrix yes, we are living in matrix! shocking but true many scientist proves that we are in matrix why let me explain, what we see with help of our eyes is compatible to our eyes but we can not able to see alfa red rays or electro magnetic waves but in changes of camera lance and settings we clearly see a chipset in our sky which prove that this world is matrix, detail proven photos is given in portfolio section just visit it. Net mass of our universe 500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 this number is a total mass of our universe but net mass of our universe is zero!, yes because we have already learned that we cannot create or destroy mass so when mass cannot be created so where mass came from, let me explain what is in vacuum, vacuum is one since matter and anti-matter are formed by fluctuations, the opposite of what we see also exists here, so our universe has a net mass of zero. Nearest Star System Certainly, here is a list of the 100 nearest star systems to our solar system, along with brief explanations for each: Visit More KEPLER-452b Kepler-452b, often referred to as "Earth's cousin," is an exoplanet that was discovered by NASA's Kepler Space Telescope. It was announced as a significant discovery in July 2015. Here's a detailed explanation of Kepler-452b, including information about its characteristics, atmosphere, and the potential for extraterrestrial life Visit More KEPLER-186f Kepler-186f is an Earth-sized exoplanet located 500 light-years away in the constellation Cygnus. It orbits a red dwarf star, Kepler-186, within its habitable zone, where conditions might allow liquid water to exist. This discovery sparked interest in the search for potentially habitable exoplanets and raised questions about the possibility of extraterrestrial life beyond our solar system. However, limited data about its atmosphere and surface make it challenging to assess its true habitability. Visit More Proxima Centauri b Proxima Centauri b is an exoplanet that orbits the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri, which is the closest known star to our Sun. Here's a detailed explanation of Proxima Centauri b, including information about its characteristics, atmosphere, and the search for extraterrestrial life or aliens Visit More TRAPPIST-1 TRAPPIST-1 is a star system located about 39 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Aquarius. It gained significant attention and interest in the scientific community and the public due to the discovery of seven Earth-sized exoplanets orbiting the ultra-cool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1. Here's a detailed explanation of the TRAPPIST-1 system, including information about its characteristics, the potential for atmosphere, and the search for extraterrestrial life or aliens Visit More LHS 1140b LHS 1140b is an exoplanet that orbits the red dwarf star LHS 1140, which is located in the constellation Cetus, approximately 41 light-years away from Earth. Discovered in 2017, LHS 1140b has garnered significant attention in the field of exoplanet research due to its potential for habitability and its relatively close proximity to our solar system. Here's a detailed explanation of LHS 1140b, including information about its characteristics, atmosphere, and the potential for extraterrestrial life Visit More Age of our Universe COMING SOON......... Visit More Worm Hole COMING SOON......... Visit More Religious Point of View COMING SOON......... Visit More Existence of Multiverse what is multiverse? , Does it exist in real?, and if yes then how, I will also show its proof and an experiment. In this article, you will know the secret of the multiverse and all the facts related to it and will also know whether it exists or not. Visit More White Holes A white hole is a hypothetical region of spacetime where matter and light can only escape, never enter, behaving as the reverse of a black hole. While predicted by mathematical models, there's no observational evidence yet for their existence, and they remain largely theoretical constructs in astrophysics. Visit More Black Hole A black hole is an extremely dense region in space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape its grasp. It forms when a massive star collapses, creating a point called a singularity surrounded by an event horizon, beyond which nothing can return. Black holes come in various sizes, including stellar-mass and supermassive black holes. Visit More Worm Hole A wormhole is a theorized passage through spacetime, predicted by Einstein's general relativity, that could connect two distant regions. Imagine it as a tunnel bending the fabric of space and time, allowing travel between these points much faster than traditional means. However, the existence of wormholes and their stability remain unproven, requiring exotic matter with properties that haven't been observed yet. Visit More

The universe for Jains is an elaborate system. Jain cosmology is very distinctive, although it shares some features with other Indian religious traditions. It is centred on the everlasting and non-originating nature of the universe, and thus excludes the notion of a creator-god. Jain geography All about Jain's geography and space science Introduction The universe for Jains is an elaborate system. Jain cosmology is very distinctive, although it shares some features with other Indian religious traditions. It is centred on the everlasting and non-originating nature of the universe, and thus excludes the notion of a creator-god. As written by a leading monastic figure from the 12th century, ‘the universe having the shape of a man standing with arms akimbo, with feet apart, filled with substances continuously being created, preserved and destroyed, has never been produced by anyone and is not sustained by anyone either. It exists by itself, without any support’.[1] Although Jains do not worship a creator-god, deities do exist, as mediators between the perfected souls of the Jinas and the imperfect world of human experience, and are a part of the Jain cosmology. Structure of the Jain Universe The Jains distinguish two types of space. The first is the world space (loka-ākāśa), which is a vast but limited area where all souls live in the different body-forms they take according to their rebirths in the various worlds. The second is the non-world space (aloka-ākāśa), which is endless. The Jain universe is perfectly structured and ordered. One of its governing principles is symmetry and repetition, so that ‘to know one part is to know the whole’. It can be viewed as ‘a self-replicating composite’ with, for example, a northern region the exact replica of its southern counterpart, halves being identical, etc. The Jain universe is thought of in terms of dimensions and quantities of units. Jain thinkers have produced a vast vocabulary to describe and understand units of time and space, going from the smallest to the largest, beyond what can be imagined. The smallest unit is the atom. Infinite combinations of atoms make up the smallest unit of measurement. At the other extreme, Jains have devised a refined analysis of extremely large numbers, considering the numerable, the innumerable and the infinite. Jain cosmology gives an important place to mathematical concepts and calculations, so that mathematical treatises written by the Jains may take their illustrative examples from cosmological contexts. Śvetāmbaras and Digambaras agree on the structure of the universe and its elements but differ on many names and numbers. Grasping Jain cosmology is vital to understanding the Jain religion. The soul is an innately pure substance. But, due to embodiment and activity, good or bad, it accumulates karma, which in the Jain understanding means physical matter. This alters the purity of the soul and generates cycles of rebirths within the universe until this finally ends. Rebirth can take one of the following four forms of destiny (gati): 1. as a human (manuṣya); 2. as an inhabitant of the hells (naraka); 3. as a deity (deva); or 4. as an animal or plant (tiryag). Spiritual progression requires an understanding of these cosmological theories. Contemplating the universe is also included within the system of reflection-topics (anuprekṣā). Jambudweep This topic can not be logically or physically proven. It can only be understood on the base of Aagam Vani. You may not be able to beleive it if you think it from modern view as it exists right now. This has to be taken on faith to understand and the main foundation of its understanding is Kevalgyan. Two vertical lines are Tras Nadi where Tras Jeev live. This is in the middle with 13 Raju height. Not covering 1 Raju at the top. Every structure we understand or is described is contained within Tras Nadi. Everything outside is only 1 sensory Jeev called Sthavar Jeev. Middle part is Madhya Lok. Middle Earth. 5 Meru parvat in the middle. Sudarshan Meru/Sumeru is the basis of differentiation of 3 Lok. Madhyalok height is defined by Sumeru Parvat. Below it is Adholok. Above it is Urdhvalok. Physical Dimensions: Bottom – 7 Raju Middle – 1 Raju Up Middle – 5 Raju Top – 1 Raju Depth – 7 Raju Height – 14 Raju Volume 343 Raju^3 Scale: Raju/Rajju is a measurement unit. 1 Raju = Infinite Yojan 1 Yojan = 2000 Kos 1 Kos = 2 Miles 1 Mile = 1.64 Km Strange Facts In front of Jain Geography, the principles and discoveries of our science and space become false, because in Jain Geography, the house is considered as a divine plane, whatever nature the house has, that plane will also be of that type, and in the same way in Jain Geography The sun is considered as the plane of heat and the moon as the plane of coolness and an interesting fact about it is that in Jain geography there are two suns and two moons. According to Jainism, man can never go to the Moon or any other planet! Yes, you are listening right, I know that it sounds very different, but it is not a matter that these things are only heard somewhere, this principle is also a reality in Puranas and the map you are seeing above is also Jambudweep. It is from Another special thing in this is that in the middle of Jambudweep, there is Mount Meru, at some distance of which all the things of this universe are present, and according to this, we humans can never reach this sacred plane and all the other things, there is also a solid proof of this. There is a reason which I will tell you later. Yes, I know you will definitely be shocked to hear all this, but it is true and there is also one thing that Jain geography is very different and unique from our modern space science, but I will tell you further in the rest of the information. Who created our Universe according to Jainism No, as per Jainism Universe is eternal. It's neither created nor shall it ever collapse. Now to the question, i.e. what led to the creation (read structure) of the universe ? To keep things simple, we will just concentrate on the middle world where we humans live as it will help us better understand the structure and operations of the universe on the foundations of our current knowledge on the subject. What is outside of the Universe Well, that would define how you describe the universe as. As per Jainism, the universe consists of broadly two regions viz Lokakash and Alokakash 1st region Lokakash is the region that consists of all things made of a material that exhibits the property of Fusion (Pud) and Fission (Gal) which we call matter today. Its this region of the universe that hosts our planet and all other alien habitable planets that support intelligent lifeforms, along with higher and lower planes where demigods and hellish beings reside.

Keep up to date with cosmos news and discoveries, Install Spacelia Spaces App to get updates Install Our App Install SPACELIA app for group quiz, news and latest updates about this site changes. install it in your compatible platform. Download the app now! Get Updates Get the latest app version, news & updates. Subscribe to our newsletter. Subscribe Thanks for submitting!

Pentru a vedea acest lucru, accesează-ți site-ul live. Toate postările Categorii Postările mele Forum Welcome! Have a look around and join the discussions. Sortează după: Activitate recentă Urmărește toate categoriile Create New Post Aagam sanghavi Welcome to the Forum în General Discussion Share your thoughts. Feel free to add GIFs, videos, hashtags and more to your posts and comments. Get started by commenting below. 0 comentarii 0 08 nov. 2023 Apreciază 0 comentarii Comentariu Aagam sanghavi Forum rules în General Discussion We want everyone to get the most out of this community, so we ask that you please read and follow these guidelines: • Respect each other • Keep posts relevant to the forum topic • No spamming 0 comentarii 0 08 nov. 2023 Apreciază 0 comentarii Comentariu Aagam sanghavi Introduce yourself în General Discussion We'd love to get to know you better. Take a moment to say hi to the community in the comments. 0 comentarii 0 08 nov. 2023 Apreciază 0 comentarii Comentariu Forum - Frameless

Evolution process of Humans, the cycle of evolution from a tiny cell to the multicell body and human intelligence. How we Evolved

Explore the cosmos with us! Dive into our portfolio of space-themed projects, from breathtaking visuals of celestial objects to informative pieces on space exploration and regulations. Portfolio In the portfolio section, you will get the explanation of the topic with images so that you will be able to learn well and will not get bored.

Publications Space News and Space Magazines

Aditya L-1 - Exploration of SUN Unraveling the Cosmic Tapestry: Chandra X-ray Observatory's Saga In the grand cosmic theater, where the universe dons its most enigmatic costumes, the Chandra X-ray Observatory stands as humanity's eye into the unseen realms. Launched by NASA in 1999, Chandra has been an unrivaled pioneer, deciphering the universe's secrets encoded in X-ray frequencies. In this comprehensive exploration, we embark on a captivating journey, unveiling the multifaceted story of Chandra – its functions, motives, structure, historic milestones, and the mesmerizing discoveries that have reshaped our understanding of the cosmos. X-ray Vision: Chandra's Functions and Motive Unveiling Cosmic Hotspots Chandra's primary function is to observe high-energy X-rays emanating from celestial objects. By capturing these elusive rays, it unveils the hottest, most dynamic regions of the universe, revealing details invisible to other telescopes. Decoding Stellar Life Cycles From supernova remnants to pulsars and black holes, Chandra plays a crucial role in decoding the life cycles of stellar objects. It's a cosmic detective, providing insights into the birth, evolution, and demise of stars. Probing Galactic Nuclei Chandra's gaze extends to the hearts of galaxies, where supermassive black holes reside. By studying the radiation emitted from these active galactic nuclei, scientists gain essential clues about the cosmic processes at play. Charting the Cosmic Web Chandra contributes to mapping the large-scale structure of the universe, uncovering the vast cosmic web formed by the distribution of hot gas between galaxies. Engineering Marvel: The Structure of Chandra X-ray Observatory Mirrors of Precision Chandra's mirrors are coated with a thin layer of iridium, a choice that enhances reflectivity in the X-ray range. Nested mirrors, rather than traditional lenses, focus the incoming X-rays onto detectors with exceptional precision. Space-Resilient Design Crafted to endure the rigors of space, Chandra orbits Earth in an elliptical trajectory, minimizing interference from the planet's radiation belts. This resilient design ensures the telescope's longevity and sustained scientific contributions. Chronicles of Chandra: A Historic Journey Launch into the Unknown Chandra embarked on its cosmic odyssey aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia on July 23, 1999. Named after the astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, the telescope began its mission to unravel the mysteries of the X-ray universe. Milestones and Legacy Throughout its journey, Chandra has left an indelible mark on astrophysics. From confirming the existence of dark energy to identifying numerous neutron stars, its discoveries have rewritten the cosmic narrative. Conclusion: Chandra's Ongoing Odyssey As we reflect on the cosmic voyage of the Chandra X-ray Observatory, we recognize its indispensable role in reshaping our cosmic comprehension. The observatory continues to unravel the X-ray mysteries, painting a vivid portrait of the universe's hidden intricacies. "X-ray Pioneers" pays homage to the brilliance of Chandra – a beacon illuminating the celestial darkness, guiding us into the depths of the cosmos where new revelations await discovery. Other Articles...... Dark Energy Multiness of Thoughts The Dream Mission Zombie Planets Creation of Mind Loop STAR VFTS102 KEPLER-186f Proxima Centauri b TRAPPIST-1 Osiris-REx Mission Chandra X-Ray Observatory Chandrayan-3

Osiris - REx Mission Remember that scene in "Armageddon" where Bruce Willis blows up a giant asteroid on a collision course with Earth? Thankfully, Bennu, a real near-Earth asteroid, isn't hurtling towards us quite that aggressively. But it is still a celestial wanderer with a thrilling story, and the audacious mission of the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft to unlock its secrets. Bennu: A Time Capsule From the Solar System's Dawn Imagine a colossal rock, bigger than the Empire State Building, older than the dinosaurs, and potentially holding the key to the origins of life on Earth. That's Bennu, a carbonaceous chondrite asteroid formed in the fiery crucible of the early solar system, some 4.5 billion years ago. Unlike its metallic or rocky siblings, Bennu is a carbonaceous treasure trove, its dark, diamond-like surface coated in organic molecules and minerals untouched for eons. Studying these pristine materials is like opening a time capsule, offering scientists a glimpse into the conditions that gave birth to our solar system and the potential for life beyond Earth. OSIRIS-REx: A Touch in the Void In 2016, NASA embarked on a mission as daring as it was groundbreaking: to rendezvous with Bennu, study its surface, and collect a precious sample. The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft, a technological marvel resembling a robotic octopus, embarked on a years-long journey, navigating the gravitational dance of the solar system and finally arriving at Bennu in 2018. For two years, OSIRIS-REx orbited Bennu like a celestial dance partner, mapping its surface in exquisite detail, revealing a world of craters, boulders, and even a mysterious dark plume erupting from its surface. Then, in October 2020, came the moment of truth: the Touch and Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism (TAGSAM) extended from the spacecraft, gently kissed Bennu's surface, and collected a handful of precious regolith (loose, rocky material) – Bennu's ancient secrets scooped into a cosmic treasure chest. Mission Accomplished: Bennu's Treasures Return to Earth After successfully completing its mission, OSIRIS-REx began its long journey back to Earth, carrying its priceless cargo. On September 24, 2023, the spacecraft hurtled through the atmosphere, releasing the sample capsule over the Utah desert. This precious payload, containing millions of Bennu particles, landed safely, marking a historic moment in space exploration. Bennu's Secrets Unlocked: A New Chapter in Science Scientists around the world are now eagerly analyzing the Bennu sample, hoping to answer some of humanity's most profound questions. What were the building blocks of the solar system? How did asteroids contribute to the formation of planets? Could Bennu's organic molecules hold the key to the origins of life? The answers lie within the grains of Bennu's regolith, waiting to be deciphered. This mission is not just about understanding the past; it's about preparing for the future. Studying Bennu's composition and trajectory could help us develop strategies to deflect asteroids in case they ever pose a threat to Earth. Bennu: More Than Just a Rock, a Story of Our Universe The story of Bennu is a testament to human ingenuity and our insatiable curiosity about the universe. It's a reminder that even in the vast emptiness of space, there are treasures to be found, stories to be told, and mysteries waiting to be unlocked. With every grain of Bennu analyzed, we expand our understanding of the cosmos and our place within it. Who knows, maybe one day, Bennu won't just be a celestial bullet dodged, but a key to unlocking the secrets of life itself. Other Articles...... Dark Energy Multiness of Thoughts The Dream Mission Zombie Planets Creation of Mind Loop STAR VFTS102 KEPLER-186f Proxima Centauri b TRAPPIST-1 Chandra X-Ray Observatory

Hubble's Star Clusters Billions of trillions of stars illuminate the galaxies of our universe. Each brilliant ball of hydrogen and helium is born within a cloud of gas and dust called a nebula. Deep within these clouds, knots can form, pulling in gas and dust until they become massive enough to collapse under their own gravitational attraction. Open Clusters Open clusters contain between a few dozen and a few thousand stars, all formed from the same initial cloud of gas and dust. The density of stars is low enough in these clusters that individual stars are visible with a telescope, or sometimes the unaided eye, giving them an “open” appearance. Most open clusters reside in the arms of spiral galaxies, and their stars are usually relatively young. Their shape is more irregular than spherical, with large amounts of gas between the stars. Over time, as these clusters rotate around a galaxy, gravitational disruptions from passing cosmic objects can cause the stars to disperse. The Milky Way is home to more than a thousand of these clusters, and even our Sun may have formed in an open cluster. Globular Clusters Embedded Clusters Globular clusters are much larger and denser than open clusters, containing several thousand to millions of stars all formed from a shared nebula. Unlike open clusters, the density of stars at their centers is so high that individual stars are hard to discern, even with powerful telescopes. Globular clusters lie on the dusty outskirts of galaxies and their stars are older than those in open clusters. In fact, globular clusters contain some of the oldest known stars in a galaxy. Because old stars tend to have a reddish glow, globular clusters generally appear redder than open clusters. The large number of stars in a relatively small area causes the shape of a globular cluster to appear spherical, as stars’ intense gravitational attraction pulls them together. These gravitational ties grant globular clusters more stability than open clusters, helping them keep their structure instead of breaking up over time. The Milky Way alone has over 150 globular clusters, and our nearest neighboring galaxy Andromeda has over 400. Embedded clusters are a precursor to open and globular clusters. As the youngest type of star cluster, they contain newly born and forming stars surrounded by cosmic gas and dust. As with open and globular clusters, all of the stars formed from the same initial nebula. Embedded clusters are likely the basic unit of star formation since a significant fraction of all stars form within them. Once star formation ends, embedded clusters resemble open clusters, but are often disrupted by passing objects due to their weaker gravitational bonds. The embedded phase typically lasts between 2-7 million years. Since embedded clusters are heavily obscured by dust, they are rarely observed in visible wavelengths of light. However, Hubble’s infrared instruments can detect the longer wavelengths of infrared light that aren’t as easily scattered by clouds of gas and dust. Hubble’s unique capabilities are essential for learning more about these young clusters.

Hubble's Nebula Discoveries This is your About Page. It's a great opportunity to give a full background on who you are, what you do and what your website has to offer. Double click on the text box to start editing your content and make sure to add all the relevant details you want to share with site visitors. Beyond the solar system, Hubble has studied star formation and death in our Galaxy and nearby galaxies. As a first example, this image of the Carina Nebula was released for Hubble’s 17th anniversary. At the time (2007), it was one of the largest panoramic images ever taken with Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys. It is a 50-light-year-wide view of the central region of the Carina Nebula, where a maelstrom of star birth -- and death -- is taking place. The nebula is sculpted by the action of outflowing winds and scorching ultraviolet radiation from the monster stars that inhabit this inferno. The stars are shredding the surrounding material that is the last vestige of the giant cloud from which the stars were born. The immense nebula contains at least a dozen brilliant stars that are roughly estimated to be at least 50 to 100 times the mass of our Sun. The most unique and opulent inhabitant is the star Eta Carinae, at far left. Eta Carinae is in the final stages of its brief and eruptive lifespan, as evidenced by two billowing lobes of gas and dust that presage its upcoming explosion as a titanic supernova. The outflow in the Carina region started three million years ago when the nebula's first generation of newborn stars condensed and ignited in the middle of a huge cloud of cold molecular hydrogen. Radiation from these stars carved out an expanding bubble of hot gas. The island-like clumps of dark clouds scattered across the nebula are nodules of dust and gas that are resisting being eaten away by photoionization. The blast of stellar winds and blistering ultraviolet radiation within the cavity is now compressing the surrounding walls of cold hydrogen. This is triggering a second stage of new star formation. Carina is about 7,500 light years away (2,300 parsecs). Using Hubble’s newer cameras provides a stunning image of an old favorite. This image of the Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula has twice the resolution, several times the area, and more than twenty times the pixels of the 1995 version. The image was obtained with the optical bands of the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) in 2015. This taller image includes the gas at the bottom of the pillars being blown down and trailing away. Numerous small features indicate the pervasiveness of pillars of every size in this region. This is the first of a sequence of three images to be shown relatively rapidly. We begin the anniversary year by revisiting a legendary image: the “Pillars of Creation” in the Eagle Nebula. This image was the first Hubble image to fascinate the public, and still remains one of Hubble’s most popular images. It was obtained in 1995 with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2). Inside the gaseous towers, which are light-years long, the interstellar gas is dense enough to collapse under its own weight, forming young stars that continue to grow as they accumulate more and more mass from their surroundings. The object is 6,500 light years away (2,000 parsecs). Like the pillars in Carina, these dark clouds are being eroded by winds and radiation from hot, young stars. The stars forming within the pillars give them their “creation” nickname. Using the infrared capabilities of Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), one can see the pillars in a whole new light. Much of the gas of the nebula is transparent to the longer wavelengths of infrared light, revealing a tremendous number of stars. The seemingly solid, visible-light pillars are shown in the infrared to be a combination of dense clouds and the shadows they cast behind them. Such high resolution visible light and infrared light comparisons point toward a bright future when Hubble and James Webb Space Telescope observations can be similarly compared and contrasted. This is the first of two images to be shown of the Horsehead Nebula. The transition should be done without too much delay to the next image. In 2001, after asking the public which object should be observed, the Hubble Heritage Project took this image of the Horsehead Nebula with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2). While the nebula makes for a striking silhouette, the dark cloud is short on detail in a visible light image. The small inset shows a ground-based optical image of the surrounding region. The distance to the object is about 1,200 light years (490 parsec). Using the enhanced infrared sensitivity of Wide Field Camera 3, Hubble was able to get much more detail in this 2013 infrared portrait of the Horsehead. The relatively featureless dark clouds are transformed into a glowing gaseous landscape that almost appears three-dimensional in the image. There are videos that zoom into the nebula and also show the 3D effect. This image of the Orion Nebula shows the discovery of debris disks – planetary systems in formation around newly created stars. As the gas and dust collapses under gravity, stars are born, and in the process, disks and planets often form out of the residual material. The distance to the Orion Nebula is 1,500 light years (460 parsecs). http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1995/45/ A beautiful composite image of the Orion Nebula from both the HST ACS and the ESO MPI at La Silla is available: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2006/01/ Supplemental Movies: Orion Fly through: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2001/13/video/a/ Zoom into Orion: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2001/13/video/a/ At the heart of this star-forming region lies star cluster NGC 602. It is a cluster of newly formed stars that are blowing a cavity in the center of a star-forming region in the Small Magellanic Cloud, a companion galaxy to our own Milky Way. The high-energy radiation blazing out from the hot young stars is sculpting the inner edge of the outer portions of the nebula, slowly eroding it away and eating into the material beyond. The diffuse outer reaches of the nebula prevent the energetic outflows from streaming away from the cluster. Ridges of dust and gaseous filaments are seen surrounding the cluster. Elephant trunk-like dust pillars point towards the hot blue stars and are telltale signs of their eroding effect. It is possible to trace how the star formation started at the center of the cluster and propagated outward, with the youngest stars still forming today along the dust ridges. The Small Magellanic Cloud, in the constellation Tucana, is roughly 200,000 light-years from the Earth. Its proximity to us makes it an exceptional laboratory to perform in-depth studies of star formation processes and their evolution in an environment slightly different from our own Milky Way. This image was taken with Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys. http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/04/ X-ray from Chandra plus Hubble observations: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2013/17/image/a/ The Cat’s Eye Nebula, formally cataloged NGC 6543, was one of the first planetary nebulae to be discovered. Hubble observations show it is one of the most complex such nebulae seen in space. A planetary nebula forms when Sun-like stars gently eject their outer gaseous layers, which eventually form bright nebulae with amazing and confounding shapes. This image taken with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) reveals the full beauty of a bull's eye pattern of eleven or even more concentric rings, or shells, around the Cat's Eye. Each 'ring' is actually the edge of a spherical bubble seen projected onto the sky — that's why it appears bright along its outer edge. Observations suggest the star ejected its mass in a series of pulses at 1,500- year intervals. These convulsions created dust shells, each of which contains as much mass as all of the planets in our solar system combined (still only one percent of the Sun's mass). These concentric shells make a layered, onionskin structure around the dying star. The view from Hubble is like seeing an onion cut in half, where each skin layer is discernible. The Nebula is 3000 light years (1000 parsecs) away. This beautiful image was taken soon after Servicing Mission 4 as part of the release announcing Hubble’s return to science operations. This planetary nebula is the material blown off of a dying star. A disk around the center restricts the outflows into two oppositely directed lobes, creating a distinct resemblance to a butterfly. Although named the Bug Nebula, many began calling this object the Butterfly Nebula after this image was released. The Crab Nebula derived its name from its appearance in a drawing made by Irish astronomer Lord Rosse in 1844, using a 36-inch telescope. The Crab Nebula is a six-light-year-wide expanding remnant of a star's supernova explosion. Japanese and Chinese astronomers recorded this violent event nearly 1,000 years ago in 1054, as did -- almost certainly -- Native Americans. This composite image was assembled from 24 individual exposures taken with the Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 in October 1999, January 2000, and December 2000. The orange filaments are the tattered remains of the star and consist mostly of hydrogen. The rapidly spinning neutron star embedded in the center of the nebula is the dynamo powering the nebula's eerie interior bluish glow. The blue light comes from electrons whirling at nearly the speed of light around magnetic field lines from the neutron star. The neutron star, like a lighthouse, ejects twin beams of radiation that appear to pulse 30 times a second due to the neutron star's rotation. A neutron star is the crushed ultra-dense core of the exploded star. This shell, or bubble, is the result of gas that is being shocked by the expanding blast wave from a supernova. Notice its completely different appearance from the Crab Nebula in the previous slide. Called SNR 0509-67.5 (or SNR 0509 for short), the bubble is the visible remnant of a powerful stellar explosion in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a small galaxy about 160,000 light-years from Earth. Ripples in the shell's surface may be caused by either subtle variations in the density of the ambient interstellar gas, or possibly driven from the interior by pieces of the ejecta. The bubble-shaped shroud of gas is 23 light-years across and is expanding at more than 11 million miles per hour (5,000 kilometers per second). http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2010/27/ Supplemental Movie: 3D look at SN remnant http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2010/27/video/a/

TRAPPIST-1 TRAPPIST-1 is a star system located about 39 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Aquarius. It gained significant attention and interest in the scientific community and the public due to the discovery of seven Earth-sized exoplanets orbiting the ultra-cool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1. Here's a detailed explanation of the TRAPPIST-1 system, including information about its characteristics, the potential for atmosphere, and the search for extraterrestrial life or aliens 1. Characteristics of TRAPPIST-1: Star Type: TRAPPIST-1 is an ultra-cool dwarf star classified as an M8V-type star. It is much cooler and smaller than our Sun, with a surface temperature of about 2,550 degrees Celsius (4,622 degrees Fahrenheit). Number of Exoplanets: The TRAPPIST-1 system is known to host seven exoplanets. These exoplanets are designated as TRAPPIST-1b, c, d, e, f, g, and h. They were discovered through the transit method, which involves observing the periodic dimming of the star's light as the planets pass in front of it. Habitability Zone: Several of the exoplanets in the TRAPPIST-1 system are located within the habitable zone, also known as the Goldilocks zone. This is the region around a star where conditions might be suitable for liquid water to exist on the planets' surfaces, a key factor for potential habitability. 2. Atmosphere of TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanets: Information about the specific composition and characteristics of the atmospheres of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets is not fully known. Detecting and characterizing exoplanet atmospheres is a challenging task that requires advanced telescopes and instruments. Astronomers have conducted studies to analyze the potential atmospheres of these exoplanets. The presence of atmospheres would be an essential factor in determining their habitability and potential for hosting life. 3. The Search for Extraterrestrial Life or Aliens: The discovery of seven Earth-sized exoplanets in the TRAPPIST-1 system, especially those within the habitable zone, has made TRAPPIST-1 a significant target in the search for extraterrestrial life. The habitable zone is a region where conditions might be right for liquid water to exist, a key ingredient for life as we know it. The search for extraterrestrial life involves looking for signs of habitability and biomarkers, such as the presence of water, oxygen, and methane, in exoplanet atmospheres. It also involves the study of planetary conditions, including surface temperature and radiation levels, to assess the potential for life to thrive. While the discovery of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets is exciting, the actual presence of extraterrestrial life remains purely speculative. The search for life beyond Earth is an ongoing scientific endeavor, and it requires more advanced technology and instruments, including next-generation telescopes like the James Webb Space Telescope, to provide more insights. 4. The Possibility of Aliens: The term "aliens" typically refers to intelligent extraterrestrial beings. While the search for microbial life or even simple life forms is a primary focus in astrobiology, the search for intelligent civilizations, often referred to as the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), remains an active area of research. SETI involves listening for radio signals or other types of communication from advanced civilizations in the universe. So far, no definitive evidence of extraterrestrial intelligent life or aliens has been found. Comparison with Solar System The TRAPPIST-1 system and our solar system are two different planetary systems in the Milky Way galaxy. While both contain multiple celestial bodies, there are significant differences between them. Here's a comparison of the TRAPPIST-1 system and our solar system: Number of Stars: Solar System: Our solar system is a single-star system, with the Sun as the central star. TRAPPIST-1 System: The TRAPPIST-1 system is a multi-star system, consisting of a red dwarf star called TRAPPIST-1 and at least seven confirmed planets orbiting it. Central Star: Solar System: The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star (a yellow dwarf). TRAPPIST-1 System: TRAPPIST-1 is an M-type dwarf star, which is much cooler and less massive than the Sun. Planetary Orbits: Solar System: In the solar system, planets have relatively stable, nearly circular orbits. TRAPPIST-1 System: The TRAPPIST-1 planets have much closer orbits to their star, with some being in the habitable zone. These orbits are closer to their star compared to most planets in our solar system. Planetary Composition: Solar System: The planets in our solar system have diverse compositions. The inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) are rocky, while the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) are gas giants or ice giants. TRAPPIST-1 System: The TRAPPIST-1 planets are believed to be rocky, similar to the inner planets in our solar system. Some may have liquid water on their surfaces. Habitability: Solar System: Earth, in our solar system, is the only known planet with conditions suitable for life as we know it. TRAPPIST-1 System: Some of the TRAPPIST-1 planets are in the habitable zone, where liquid water could exist. This makes them potential candidates for studying the possibility of life beyond Earth. Number of Planets: Solar System: Our solar system has eight recognized planets, with Pluto being classified as a dwarf planet. TRAPPIST-1 System: At least seven planets have been discovered in the TRAPPIST-1 system. Planetary Sizes: Solar System: The planets in our solar system vary in size from small rocky planets like Mercury to massive gas giants like Jupiter. TRAPPIST-1 System: The TRAPPIST-1 planets are thought to be similar in size to Earth and its neighboring planets. Exploration: Solar System: Our solar system has been extensively explored by spacecraft, including missions to all eight recognized planets, numerous moons, and even a few asteroids and comets. TRAPPIST-1 System: As of my knowledge cutoff date in September 2021, the TRAPPIST-1 system had been observed and studied from a distance through telescopes, but no direct spacecraft missions had been sent to explore it. Related Articles....... Dark Energy Multiness of Thoughts The Dream Mission Creation of Mind Loop STAR VFTS102 KEPLER-452b KEPLER-186f Proxima Centauri b

Journey of the worlds biggest aerospace organisation NASA, Timeline of NASA. Time Line

We can’t find the page you’re looking for This page doesn’t exist. Go to Home and keep exploring. Go to Home

2021 Space Discoveries Amateur astronomer discovers a new moon around Jupiter A previously-unknown moon has been detected around the largest planet in the solar system. Jupiter is a giant, so it gravitationally attracts many objects into its vicinity. Earth has one major moon, Mars has two: but Jupiter boasts at least 79 moons, and there may be dozens or hundreds more of them that astronomers have yet to identify. The latest discovery was made by amateur astronomer Kai Ly, who found evidence of this Jovian moon in a data set from 2003 that had been collected by researchers using the 3.6-meter Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) on Mauna Kea. Ly they confirmed the moon was likely bound to Jupiter's gravity using data from another telescope called Subaru. The new moon, called EJc0061, belongs to the Carme group of Jovian moons. They orbit in the opposite direction of Jupiter's rotation at an extreme tilt relative to Jupiter's orbital plane. NASA will return to Venus this decade Mars is a popular target for space agencies, but Earth's other neighbor has been garnering more attention recently. In 2020, researchers announced that they had detected traces of phosphine in Venus' atmosphere. It is a possible biosignature gas, and the news certainly reawakened interest in the planet. In early June 2021, NASA announced it will launch two missions to Venus by 2030. One mission, called DAVINCI+ (short for Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging, Plus) will descend through the planet's atmosphere to learn about how it has changed over time. The other mission, VERITAS (Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy) will attempt to map the planet's terrain from orbit like never before. Venus has been visited by robotic probes, but NASA has not launched a dedicated mission to the planet since 1989. The interest in Martian exploration may be one reason why Venus has been neglected in recent decades, but the second planet from the sun is also a challenging place to study. Although it may have once been a balmy world with oceans and rivers, a runaway greenhouse effect took hold of Venus around 700 million years ago and now the planet's surface is hot enough to melt lead. The sun is reawakening The sun was experiencing a quiet time in its roughly decade-long cycle, but it is now exiting that phase. The sun has had very little activity in recent years, but the star's surface is now erupting in powerful events that spew out charged particles towards Earth. In early November, for instance, a series of solar outbursts triggered a large geomagnetic storm on our planet. This eruption is known as a coronal mass ejection, or CME. It's essentially a billion-ton cloud of solar material with magnetic fields, and when this bubble pops, it blasts a stream of energetic particles out into the solar system. If this material heads in the direction of Earth, it interacts with our planet's own magnetic field and causes disturbances. These can include ethereal displays of auroras near Earth's poles, but can also include satellite disruptions and energy losses. James Webb Space Telescope flies into space A whole new era of space science began on Christmas Day 2021 with the successful launch of the world's next major telescope. NASA, the European Space Agency and the Canadian Space Agency are collaborating on the $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), a project more than three decades in the making. Space telescopes take a long time to plan and assemble: The vision for this particular spacecraft began before its predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope, had even launched into Earth orbit. Whereas Hubble orbits a few hundred miles from Earth's surface, JWST is heading to an observational perch located about a million miles from our planet. The telescope began its journey towards this spot, called the Earth-sun Lagrange Point 2 (L2), on Dec. 25, 2021 at 7:20 a.m. EST (1220 GMT) when an Ariane 5 rocket launched the precious payload from Europe's Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana. The telescope will help astronomers answer questions about the evolution of the universe and provide a deeper understanding about the objects found in our very own solar system. Event Horizon Telescope takes high-resolution image of black hole jet In July 2021, the novel project behind the world's first photo of a black hole published an image of a powerful jet blasting off from one of these supermassive objects. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a global collaboration of eight observatories that work together to create one Earth-sized telescope. The end result is a resolution that is 16 times sharper and an image that is 10 times more accurate than what was possible before. Scientists used EHT's incredible abilities to observe a powerful jet being ejected by the supermassive black hole at the center of the Centaurus A galaxy, one of the brightest objects in the night sky. The galaxy's black hole is so large that it has the mass of 55 million suns. Scientists spot the closest-known black hole to Earth Just 1,500 light-years from Earth lies the closest-known black hole to Earth, now called "The Unicorn ." Tiny black holes are hard to spot, but scientists managed to find this one when they noticed strange behavior from its companion star, a red giant. Researchers observed its light shifting in intensity, which suggested to them that another object was tugging on the star. This black hole is super-lightweight at just three solar masses. Its location in the constellation Monoceros ("the unicorn") and its rarity have inspired this black hole's name. Earth's second 'moon' flies off into space An object dropped into Earth's orbit like a second moon, and this year, it made its final close approach of our planet. It is classified as a "minimoon," or temporary satellite. But it's no stray space rock — the object, known as 2020 SO, is a leftover fragment of a 1960s rocket booster from the American Surveyor moon missions. On Feb. 2, 2021, 2020 SO reached 58% of the way between Earth and the moon, roughly 140,000 miles (220,000 kilometers) from our planet. It was the minimoon's final approach, but not its closest trip to Earth. It achieved its shortest distance to our planet a few months prior, on Dec. 1, 2020. It has since drifted off into space and away from Earth's orbit, never to return. Parker Solar Probe travels through the sun's atmosphere This year, NASA's sun-kissing spacecraft swam within a structure that's only visible during total solar eclipses and was able to measure exactly where the star's "point of no return" is located. The Parker Solar Probe has been zooming through the inner solar system to make close approaches to the sun for the past three years, and it is designed to help scientists learn about what creates the solar wind, a sea of charged particles that flow out of the sun and can affect Earth in many ways. The spacecraft stepped into the sun's outer atmosphere, known as the corona , during its eight solar flyby. The April 28 maneuver supplied the data that confirmed the exact location of the Alfvén critical surface: the point where the solar wind flows away from the sun, never to return. The probe managed to get as low as 15 solar radii, or 8.1 million miles (13 million km) from the sun's surface. It was there that it passed through a huge structure called a pseudostreamer, which can be seen from Earth when the moon blocks the light from the sun's disk during a solar eclipse . In a statement about the discovery, NASA officials described that part of the trip as "flying into the eye of a storm." Perseverance begins studying rocks on Mars Last but not least, this year marked the arrival of NASA's Perseverance rover on Mars. The mission has been working hard to find traces of ancient Martian life since it reached the Red Planet on Feb. 18, 2021. Engineers have equipped Perseverance with powerful cameras to help the mission team decide what rocks are worth investigating. One of Perseverance's most charming findings has been "Harbor Seal Rock ," a curiously-shaped feature that was probably carved out by the Martian wind over many years. Perseverance has also obtained several rock samples this year, which will be collected by the space agency for analysis at some point in the future. Perseverance is taking its observations from the 28-mile-wide (45 kilometers) Jezero Crater, which was home to a river delta and a deep lake billions of years ago.

MISSIONS Item Title This is placeholder text. To connect this element to content from your collection, select the element and click Connect to Data. Read More Item Title This is placeholder text. To connect this element to content from your collection, select the element and click Connect to Data. Read More Item Title This is placeholder text. To connect this element to content from your collection, select the element and click Connect to Data. Read More